> Documentation index: [Saleor](/llms.txt) · [This section](/developer/llms.txt)
> Source: https://docs.saleor.io/developer/bulks/bulk-products

# Bulk Product Import

This guide describes mutations allowing users to create multiple products and variants in Saleor.

info

To perform bulk operations on products and variants, you need the `MANAGE_PRODUCTS` permission.

<a id="error-policy"></a>

## Error Policy

`productBulkCreate`, `productVariantBulkCreate`, and `productVariantBulkUpdate` mutations accept [`errorPolicy`](/developer/bulks/error-policy.md) argument, which determines how to handle errors.

<a id="productbulkcreate"></a>

## `productBulkCreate`

Mutation [`productBulkCreate`](/api-reference/products/mutations/product-bulk-create.md) allows to create multiple products in a single operation. This is particularly useful when you need to:

-   Import products from another system
-   Create multiple products with their variants at once
-   Set up initial product catalog

The mutation supports creating products with their:

-   Basic information (name, description, etc.)
-   Attributes and values
-   Channel listings and pricing
-   Media files
-   Variants with their own attributes, stocks, and channel listings

info

When providing media via external image URLs (`mediaUrl`), images are fetched **asynchronously** after the mutation completes. The media objects are created immediately, but the actual images may not be available right away. See the [upgrade guide](/upgrade-guides/core/3-22-to-3-23.md#asynchronous-image-fetching-for-product-media) for details on handling this.

<a id="example-mutation"></a>

### Example Mutation

**Mutation**

```graphql
mutation ProductBulkCreate($products: [ProductBulkCreateInput!]!, $errorPolicy: ErrorPolicyEnum) {
  productBulkCreate(products: $products, errorPolicy: $errorPolicy) {
    count
    results {
      errors {
        ...Error
      }
      product {
        id
      }
    }
  }
}

fragment Error on ProductBulkCreateError {
  path
  message
  code
  attributes
  values
  warehouses
  channels
}
```

**Variables**

```json
{
  "errorPolicy": "REJECT_FAILED_ROWS",
  "products": [
    {
      "productType": "UHJvZHVjdFR5cGU6MTg=",
      "name": "Barebarics Zing - White & Beige",
      "attributes": [
        {
          "id": "QXR0cmlidXRlOjM2",
          "values": ["Vegan"]
        }
      ],
      "category": "Q2F0ZWdvcnk6Mjg=",
      "channelListings": [
        {
          "channelId": "Q2hhbm5lbDoy",
          "isPublished": true,
          "visibleInListings": true,
          "isAvailableForPurchase": true
        },
        {
          "channelId": "Q2hhbm5lbDox",
          "isPublished": true,
          "visibleInListings": true,
          "isAvailableForPurchase": true
        }
      ],
      "media": [
        {"mediaUrl": "https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/4006792/214636328-8e4f83e8-66cb-4114-a3d8-473eb908b9c3.png"}
      ]
    },
    {
      "productType": "UHJvZHVjdFR5cGU6MTg=",
      "name": "Zing - Black & White - Leather",
      "attributes": [
        {
          "id": "QXR0cmlidXRlOjM2",
          "values": [
            "Leather"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "category": "Q2F0ZWdvcnk6Mjg=",
      "channelListings": [
        {
          "channelId": "Q2hhbm5lbDoy",
          "isPublished": true,
          "visibleInListings": true,
          "isAvailableForPurchase": true
        },
        {
          "channelId": "Q2hhbm5lbDox",
          "isPublished": true,
          "visibleInListings": true,
          "isAvailableForPurchase": true
        }
      ],
      "variants": [
        {
          "sku": "60217252-00-42",
          "attributes": [
            {
              "id": "QXR0cmlidXRlOjM3",
              "values": [
                "40"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "stocks": [
            {
              "warehouse": "V2FyZWhvdXNlOjJiNDY1OTU2LWYzMmUtNGU4OC04ZWQyLTBhN2I4ODBlMTkxYg==",
              "quantity": 100
            }
          ],
          "channelListings": [
            {
              "channelId": "Q2hhbm5lbDoy",
              "price": 599
            },
            {
              "channelId": "Q2hhbm5lbDox",
              "price": 149
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "sku": "60217252-00-43",
          "attributes": [
            {
              "id": "QXR0cmlidXRlOjM3",
              "values": [
                "41"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "stocks": [
            {
              "warehouse": "V2FyZWhvdXNlOjJiNDY1OTU2LWYzMmUtNGU4OC04ZWQyLTBhN2I4ODBlMTkxYg==",
              "quantity": 100
            }
          ],
          "channelListings": [
            {
              "channelId": "Q2hhbm5lbDoy",
              "price": 599
            },
            {
              "channelId": "Q2hhbm5lbDox",
              "price": 149
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "sku": "60217252-00-44",
          "attributes": [
            {
              "id": "QXR0cmlidXRlOjM3",
              "values": [
                "42"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "stocks": [
            {
              "warehouse": "V2FyZWhvdXNlOjJiNDY1OTU2LWYzMmUtNGU4OC04ZWQyLTBhN2I4ODBlMTkxYg==",
              "quantity": 100
            }
          ],
          "channelListings": [
            {
              "channelId": "Q2hhbm5lbDoy",
              "price": 599
            },
            {
              "channelId": "Q2hhbm5lbDox",
              "price": 149
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
```

<a id="input-details"></a>

### Input details

For detailed information about all available fields, see the [`ProductBulkCreateInput`](/api-reference/products/inputs/product-bulk-create-input.md).

warning

The `productType` field is required and must reference a valid product type ID.

Product `name` must be provided when importing products.

**Key fields to consider:**

-   **Attributes**: Allows to define product attributes. Each attribute should include its ID and values. See [`AttributeValueInput`](/api-reference/attributes/inputs/attribute-value-input.md) for details.
-   **Channel Listings**: Allows to specify where and how the product is available. See [`ProductChannelListingCreateInput`](/api-reference/products/inputs/product-channel-listing-create-input.md) for details. Each listing requires:
    -   `channelId`: ID of the channel
    -   `isPublished`: Whether the product is published in this channel
    -   `visibleInListings`: Whether the product is visible in channel listings
    -   `isAvailableForPurchase`: Whether the product can be purchased in this channel
-   **Taxes**: Allows to assign tax class to the product. Must reference a valid tax class ID.
-   **Media**: Allows to add images and other media files to the product.
-   **Variants**: Allows to create variants along with product creation. See [`ProductVariantBulkCreateInput`](/api-reference/products/inputs/product-variant-bulk-create-input.md) for details.

<a id="error-handling"></a>

### Error handling

Each product in the bulk operation can have its own set of errors. These errors appear in `results[].errors` array and are specific to individual products.

Common error scenarios include:

-   **Channel-related errors**:
    
    -   `NOT_FOUND`: Channel ID doesn't exist
    -   `PRODUCT_NOT_ASSIGNED_TO_CHANNEL`: Product variant channel listing references a channel where the product is not available
    -   `DUPLICATED_INPUT_ITEM`: Channel ID is duplicated in the input
-   **Variant-related errors**:
    
    -   `UNIQUE`: SKU already exists in the system
    -   `REQUIRED`: Missing required fields for variant creation
    -   `INVALID_PRICE`: Price value is invalid
-   **Attribute-related errors**:
    
    -   `INVALID`: Invalid attribute value
    -   `REQUIRED`: Missing required attribute

<a id="productvariantbulkcreate"></a>

## `productVariantBulkCreate`

Mutation [`productVariantBulkCreate`](/api-reference/products/mutations/product-variant-bulk-create.md) allows to create multiple variants for an existing product in a single operation. This is particularly useful when you need to:

-   Add new variants to an existing product
-   Import variants from another system
-   Create multiple variants with different attributes and prices

The mutation supports creating variants with their:

-   Basic information (SKU, name)
-   Attributes and values
-   Stocks and quantities
-   Channel listings and pricing

<a id="example-mutation-1"></a>

### Example Mutation

**Mutation**

```graphql
mutation ProductVariantBulkCreate($variants: [ProductVariantBulkCreateInput!]!, $errorPolicy: ErrorPolicyEnum, $product: ID!) {
  productVariantBulkCreate(
    product: $product
    variants: $variants
    errorPolicy: $errorPolicy
  ) {
    count
    errors {
      field
      code
      message
    }
    results {
      errors {
        ...Error
      }
      productVariant {
        id
      }
    }
  }
}

fragment Error on ProductVariantBulkError {
  field
  path
  code
  message
  attributes
  values
  warehouses
  channels
  channelListings
}
```

**Variables**

```json
{
  "product": "UHJvZHVjdDoxOTg=",
  "errorPolicy": "REJECT_FAILED_ROWS",
  "variants": [
    {
      "sku": "60217252-00-50",
      "attributes": [
        {
          "id": "QXR0cmlidXRlOjM3",
          "values": ["42"]
        }
      ],
      "stocks": [
        {
          "warehouse": "V2FyZWhvdXNlOjJiNDY1OTU2LWYzMmUtNGU4OC04ZWQyLTBhN2I4ODBlMTkxYg==",
          "quantity": 100
        }
      ],
      "channelListings": [
        {
          "channelId": "Q2hhbm5lbDoy",
          "price": 599
        },
        {
          "channelId": "Q2hhbm5lbDox",
          "price": 149
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "sku": "60217252-00-51",
      "attributes": [
        {
          "id": "QXR0cmlidXRlOjM3",
          "values": ["43"]
        }
      ],
      "stocks": [
        {
          "warehouse": "V2FyZWhvdXNlOjJiNDY1OTU2LWYzMmUtNGU4OC04ZWQyLTBhN2I4ODBlMTkxYg==",
          "quantity": 100
        }
      ],
      "channelListings": [
        {
          "channelId": "Q2hhbm5lbDoy",
          "price": 599
        },
        {
          "channelId": "Q2hhbm5lbDox",
          "price": 149
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
```

<a id="input-details-1"></a>

### Input details

For detailed information about all available fields, see the [`ProductVariantBulkCreateInput`](/api-reference/products/inputs/product-variant-bulk-create-input.md).

warning

The `product` field is required and must reference a valid product ID.

The `variants` list is required.

**Key fields to consider:**

-   **Attributes**: Allows to define variant attributes. Attributes list is required when creating new variants but can be empty. Each attribute should include its ID and values. See [`BulkAttributeValueInput`](/api-reference/products/inputs/bulk-attribute-value-input.md) for details.
-   **Stocks**: Allows to set initial stock quantities for warehouses. Each stock requires:
    -   `warehouse`: ID of the warehouse
    -   `quantity`: Initial stock quantity
-   **Channel Listings**: Allows to set prices for channels. Each listing requires:
    -   `channelId`: ID of the channel
    -   `price`: Price in the channel's currency

<a id="error-handling-1"></a>

### Error handling

When creating variants, errors can occur at different levels:

1.  **Operation-level errors**: Appear in the top-level `errors` array and affect the entire operation. These include:
    
    -   Invalid product ID
    -   Missing required fields for the entire operation
2.  **Variant-level errors**: Appear in `results[].errors` and are specific to individual variants.
    

Common error scenarios include:

-   **Variant-related errors**:
    
    -   `UNIQUE`: SKU already exists in the system
    -   `REQUIRED`: Missing required fields for variant creation
    -   `INVALID_PRICE`: Price value is invalid
-   **Channel-related errors**:
    
    -   `NOT_FOUND`: Channel ID doesn't exist
    -   `PRODUCT_NOT_ASSIGNED_TO_CHANNEL`: Variant channel listing references a channel where the product is not available
    -   `DUPLICATED_INPUT_ITEM`: Channel ID is duplicated in the input
-   **Attribute-related errors**:
    
    -   `REQUIRED`: Missing required attribute field: `id` or `external_references`
    -   `NOT_FOUND`: Attribute ID doesn't exist
    -   `ATTRIBUTE_CANNOT_BE_ASSIGNED`: Given attributes are not variant attributes
-   **Stock-related errors**:
    
    -   `NOT_FOUND`: Warehouse ID doesn't exist

<a id="productvariantbulkupdate"></a>

## `productVariantBulkUpdate`

Mutation [`productVariantBulkUpdate`](/api-reference/products/mutations/product-variant-bulk-update.md) allows to update multiple variants in a single operation. This is particularly useful when you need to:

-   Update prices across multiple variants
-   Modify stock quantities in bulk
-   Update variant attributes
-   Change channel availability

The mutation supports updating variants with their:

-   Basic information (SKU, name)
-   Attributes and values
-   Stocks and quantities
-   Channel listings and pricing
-   And many more available variant fields

<a id="example-mutation-2"></a>

### Example Mutation

**Mutation**

```graphql
mutation ProductVariantBulkUpdate($product: ID!, $variants: [ProductVariantBulkUpdateInput!]!, $errorPolicy: ErrorPolicyEnum) {
  productVariantBulkUpdate(
    product: $product
    variants: $variants
    errorPolicy: $errorPolicy
  ) {
    count
    errors {
      field
      code
      message
    }
    results {
      errors {
        ...Error
      }
      productVariant {
        id
      }
    }
  }
}

fragment Error on ProductVariantBulkError {
  field
  path
  code
  message
  attributes
  values
  warehouses
  channels
  channelListings
}
```

**Variables**

```json
{
  "product": "UHJvZHVjdDoxOTg=",
  "errorPolicy": "REJECT_FAILED_ROWS",
  "variants": [
    {
      "id": "UHJvZHVjdFZhcmlhbnQ6NDE4",
      "channelListings": {
        "create": [],
        "update": [{
          "channelListing": "UHJvZHVjdFZhcmlhbnRDaGFubmVsTGlzdGluZzo0MzE=",
          "price": 100
        }],
        "remove": ["UHJvZHVjdFZhcmlhbnRDaGFubmVsTGlzdGluZzo0MzI="]
      },
      "stocks": {
        "create": [{
          "warehouse": "V2FyZWhvdXNlOjJkNTE0YWI0LWNhNTMtNDNjYy1hYWI2LWRlNzllZTYxMjBkOQ==",
          "quantity": 150
        }],
        "update": [],
        "remove": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "UHJvZHVjdFZhcmlhbnQ6NDE3",
      "channelListings": {
        "create": [],
        "update": [{
          "channelListing": "UHJvZHVjdFZhcmlhbnRDaGFubmVsTGlzdGluZzo0MzE=",
          "price": 100
        }],
        "remove": ["UHJvZHVjdFZhcmlhbnRDaGFubmVsTGlzdGluZzo0MzI="]
      },
      "stocks": {
        "create": [{
          "warehouse": "V2FyZWhvdXNlOjJkNTE0YWI0LWNhNTMtNDNjYy1hYWI2LWRlNzllZTYxMjBkOQ==",
          "quantity": 150
        }],
        "update": [],
        "remove": []
      }
    }
  ]
}
```

<a id="input-details-2"></a>

### Input details

For detailed information about all available fields, see the [`ProductVariantBulkUpdateInput`](/api-reference/products/inputs/product-variant-bulk-update-input.md).

warning

The `product` field is required and must reference a valid product ID.

The `id` field in variants list is required and must reference a valid variant ID.

**Key fields to consider:**

-   **Channel Listings**: Allows to manage variant channel listings with three operations:
    
    -   `create`: Add new channel listings
    -   `update`: Modify existing channel listings by providing:
        -   `channelListing`: ID of the channel listing to update
        -   `price`: New price in the channel's currency
    -   `remove`: Remove channel listings by providing their IDs
-   **Stocks**: Allows to manage variant stocks with three operations:
    
    -   `create`: Add new stock entries with:
        -   `warehouse`: ID of the warehouse
        -   `quantity`: Initial stock quantity
    -   `update`: Modify existing stock entries
    -   `remove`: Remove stock entries by providing their IDs
-   **Attributes**: Allows to update variant attributes. Each attribute should include its ID and values. See [`BulkAttributeValueInput`](/api-reference/products/inputs/bulk-attribute-value-input.md) for details.
    

<a id="error-handling-2"></a>

### Error handling

When updating variants, errors can occur at different levels:

1.  **Operation-level errors**: Appear in the top-level `errors` array and affect the entire operation. These include:
    
    -   Invalid product ID
    -   Missing required fields for the entire operation
2.  **Variant-level errors**: Appear in `results[].errors` and are specific to individual variants.
    

Common error scenarios include:

-   **Variant-related errors**:
    
    -   `UNIQUE`: SKU already exists in the system
    -   `REQUIRED`: Missing required fields for variant update
    -   `INVALID_PRICE`: Price value is invalid
-   **Channel-related errors**:
    
    -   `NOT_FOUND`: Channel ID doesn't exist
    -   `PRODUCT_NOT_ASSIGNED_TO_CHANNEL`: Variant channel listing references a channel where the product is not available
    -   `DUPLICATED_INPUT_ITEM`: Channel ID is duplicated in the input
-   **Attribute-related errors**:
    
    -   `REQUIRED`: Missing required attribute field: `id` or `external_references`
    -   `NOT_FOUND`: Attribute ID doesn't exist
    -   `ATTRIBUTE_CANNOT_BE_ASSIGNED`: Given attributes are not variant attributes
-   **Stock-related errors**:
    
    -   `NOT_FOUND`: Warehouse ID doesn't exist
    -   `STOCK_ALREADY_EXISTS` : Warehouse is already assigned to given variant

<a id="webhooks"></a>

## Webhooks

Bulk operations emit webhook events for each created entity. The following mutations trigger these events:

-   `productBulkCreate`:
    
    -   `PRODUCT_CREATED`: For each created product
    -   `PRODUCT_VARIANT_CREATED`: For each created variant (if variants are included in the input)
-   `productVariantBulkCreate`:
    
    -   `PRODUCT_VARIANT_CREATED`: For each created variant
-   `productVariantBulkUpdate`:
    
    -   `PRODUCT_VARIANT_UPDATED`: For each updated variant

note

For large bulk imports, consider disabling webhooks to improve performance. Each created entity will trigger a webhook event, which might impact the overall import speed.